The ability to regenerate tissue varies and is highly species-dependent. Scientists have long been fascinated by this question and the sophisticated phenomenon: Why do some animals have high regenerative capabilities while we do not? To understand the concept of tissue regeneration in vertebrates, the class will discuss an amphibian appendage regeneration model, which exhibits the highest regenerative capability.

Tissue regeneration in highly regenerative animals, such as the amphibian salamander, enables the repair of any type of wound without scarring and even the regeneration of entire appendages if lost. In the regeneration of entire appendages in salamanders, the key factors for achieving perfect tissue regeneration are 'tissue stem cells,' 'size control,' and 'positional information'. The papers we will discuss propose concepts related to these three key factors. In addition, the course will explore the essential factors that enable tissue regeneration/repair processes.